The development of CNC technology has greatly promoted the rapid development of CNC machines, high-speed, high-efficiency and compounding. In order to meet the needs of high-precision and high-efficiency machining, in recent years, the research and development of gear cutting tools at home and abroad have also maintained the development of CNC high-performance machine tools. Synchronized and made great progress, these advances mainly depend on several aspects: more advanced design technology, more advanced CNC special processing technology and precision detection technology, superior tool material, advanced surface coating technology, and high speed The heat treatment technology of steel gear cutters is also key.
In recent years, the development trend and characteristics of gear cutters are mainly manifested in the following aspects.
Environmental protection has been applied in gear processing. Domestic and foreign OEMs such as Gleason Corporation, Japan Mitsubishi Corporation, and domestic Chongqing machine tools have all developed dedicated dry hobbing machine tools. Compared with the traditional wet cutting method, the dry cutting method does not require the cooling liquid, which not only eco-friendly but also reduces the cost of the hobbing process. The dry cutting method can also use a higher cutting speed and improve the processing efficiency. According to the processing requirements of dry cutting machine tools, all major tool manufacturers have developed environmentally friendly dry cutting hobs, such as Gleason, NACHI, SU, and Hanjiang Tools. The environmentally friendly dry hobs are divided into solid carbide hobs by materials. , carbide indexable hob, powder metallurgy high-speed steel hob. Solid carbide hobs are generally used for gears with a module less than 2mm, precision up to AAA grade, cutting speed up to 250m/min or more; carbide indexable hobs are generally used for gears with modulus greater than 6 ~ 45mm Mainly used for rough cutting before grinding, cutting speed up to 120 ~ 150m/min; powder metallurgy high speed steel hob general modulus range is wider, can cover all the modulus range, these tools are used high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel Manufacturing, the tool toughness is good, the processing difficulty is small, its structure characteristic is that the small diameter lengthens the structure, reduces the time of the knife feeding, and carries on the string knife, enhances the tool durability and the processing efficiency, uses the powder metallurgy material and the high performance coating, the cutting Speed up to 150 ~ 200m/min, precision DINAC grade or GBAA grade. Environmental protection will certainly become the main method of gear cutting.
In the traditional sense, the gear cutter carbide is generally high-speed steel (high-performance powder metallurgy high-speed steel has also been widely used), with the development of carbide materials and processing technology, the proportion of carbide tools Increasingly high, developed countries in Europe have reached more than 70, in recent years, domestic and foreign tool manufacturers such as Gleason, Kennametal, Fette, Ingersoll, SandvikCoromant developed a variety of carbide indexable gear cutting tools, greatly improving the efficiency of gear processing , also greatly improved tool life. Indexable cemented carbide gear hob with 1 or 2 heads. Blades can be indexed 2 or 4 times. Modulus range is m5.5～m40. Compared with high speed steel hob, this kind of tool cutting speed Higher up to 100 ~ 150m/min (similar HSS hob cutting speed is only 30m/min), dry cutting, cutting efficiency increased 1 to 3 times. In addition to large modulus indexable alloy hobs, Sandvik Coromant also developed m5～m8 gripper carbide hobs. The difference is that each hob of the hob uses one blade, and the assembly precision can reach DINB level. novel. In the area of small module (m<2) gear processing, a series of solid carbide hobs have been developed with an accuracy of AAA to Class A and a cutting speed of up to 250m/min. At the same time, the above companies have also developed rigid materials. Alloy indexable gear milling cutter can be used for external gear machining as well as high efficiency machining of internal gears. Especially for the high-efficiency machining of the large internal gear ring in the wind power industry, besides being used for rough cutting, gears can also be directly machined and precision machined. Can be stable up to GB8 grade, which also shows the progress of cemented carbide blade manufacturing technology, module range m6 ~ m40, cutting speed can reach 100 ~ 150m/min, cutting efficiency increased 1 to 3 times. It is worth mentioning that at home and abroad, CBN, PCD and other superhard tools have also been applied more and more, and will become the direction of future tool development.
