“Demand growth will continue to moderate downwards next year. The more serious challenge is how to effectively cope with the over-expansion of production capacity. In this process, the survival of the fittest will be very severe.” Cai Weici, executive vice president of China Federation of Machinery Industry, recently turned to the entire machinery industry. The future development situation is expressed when forecasting.
According to Luo Baihui, head of the International Die & Metals & Plastics Industry Suppliers Association, China's machine tool industry is developing rapidly, with the output value and output ranking first in the world. The CNC machine tool rate for domestic machines has increased from 35.5% at the end of the “Tenth Five-year Plan” to the end of the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period. 51.9% of the respondents, "Although China has long been among the ranks of big countries in manufacturing, the contradiction of being big but not strong has always plagued the scientific development of the industry."
The equipment manufacturing industry is known as the "industry mother machine" and is the cornerstone of the manufacturing industry. The various facilities required for industrial modernization are inseparable from high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment. However, in the past, China's integrated circuit chip manufacturing equipment, large-scale petrochemical equipment, key equipment for automobile manufacturing, and advanced intensive agricultural equipment have long depended on imports.
Wang Liming, executive vice president of the China Machine Tool Industry Association, revealed that China's high-end CNC systems and functional components still rely mainly on imports. The self-sufficiency ratio of domestic high-end systems is less than 5%, and about 95% are dependent on imports. Of these, Japan has become a major importer, accounting for about 1/3 of the total; and the total number of domestic high-end CNC systems is less than 20%.
In the international market, the medium and high-end machine tool numerical control systems are mainly monopolized by a small number of companies represented by Japanese Fanuc companies and German Siemens companies, of which FANUC account for about half. In the domestic market, there are more than 20 major production companies, represented by five companies: Huazhong CNC, Guangzhou CNC, Dalian Omsen, Beijing Kaien Emperor and Nanjing Huaxing.
It is understood that domestic machine tools currently have only 30% of the NC ratio, and there is a big gap between the level of 60% to 70% of developed countries, and the numerical control rate of existing machine tools is only about 10%. Professionals pointed out that behind the overall rapid growth of the Chinese machine tool industry, there are still hidden concerns.
From the perspective of product structure, the growth of the machine tool industry mainly depends on the driving of low-end ordinary machine tools, and the proportion of high- and mid-range machine tools continues to decrease. The market trend of heavy machine tools slows down, so the current industry development path is not healthy.
In response to this situation, in 2009 the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology took the lead in organizing the implementation of "high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment," major science and technology projects. Focusing on the needs of key areas such as aerospace, shipbuilding, automobiles, and power generation equipment and national key projects, the system has deployed development of main engines, numerical control systems, functional components and key components, common technology development, innovation platform construction, user process testing and application demonstration projects. 7 key tasks.
According to Lu Bingheng, a full-time technical responsible person of the “Specialized Numerically Controlled Machine Tool and Basic Manufacturing Equipment” major technical responsibility, from a technical perspective, the major achievements of the “High-end CNC Machine Tools and Basic Manufacturing Equipment” during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period are mainly reflected in the following several aspects:
First, breakthroughs have been made in the development of major equipment and reached the international advanced level. Focusing on the urgent needs in key areas, the company has successfully tackled a number of key technologies such as large-span, super-heavy-duty machine tool design and manufacturing technologies, super-large vertical and horizontal rotary table design and manufacturing technologies, ultra-wide and long workpiece processing technologies, and developed a batch of key technologies. CNC heavy-duty bridge gantry five-axis linkage milling and lathe milling machine, large-scale fast and efficient CNC automatic stamping production line and other advanced manufacturing equipment.
Second, the performance of medium-to-high-end CNC machine tools has been effectively upgraded to meet the domestic demand. The company specializes in high-speed precision machining centers with large market demands and large import volumes, as well as CNC lathes, five-axis linkage processing machine tools, and other products. It has developed key technologies such as reliability and digital design, overall performance evaluation, and dynamic compensation, effectively improving The overall technical level and market share of mid-to-high grade CNC machine tools.
Thirdly, the research and development of CNC systems, functional components and cutting tools has progressed smoothly, and common technical achievements have taken off. The research and development of numerical control system has made a significant breakthrough in key technologies. China has successfully developed a numerical control system for five-axis linkage processing machine tools with international technical standards; ball screw and linear guide, CNC rotary table, and double The key technology breakthroughs have also been achieved in the functional components such as the swivel angle CNC universal milling head. At the same time, a number of precision, complex and hard alloy tools that are urgently needed in the four major fields have been developed and applied in key enterprises, partially replacing imports.
At present, the difficulties in independent innovation of high-end equipment are still relatively large. In particular, the first (set) high-end equipment independent innovation still faces many difficulties. We should pay full attention to high-end basic components and increase support for national financial funds and related supporting policies.
In the past, China produced a large number of processing centers, but the general technical content was relatively low. Since the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan”, the entire machine tool industry is facing a golden period of development. How to shift from heavy quantity to quality improvement and provide users with high-tech-supported equipment has always been a question for the entire industry.
Nowadays, there are several thousand machine tool companies in China, and there are nearly one county in one county. From the market demand, there is no need to increase new production capacity such as ordinary lathes, economical CNC lathes, and wire walking machines. At the same time, the machine tool industry itself should achieve sustainable development goals with lower material consumption.
For a long time, CNC systems and functional components have been the “shortcomings” that restrict the development of CNC machine tools. Why are the profitability of high-end and mid-range CNC machine tools low? Luo Baihui believes that one of the main reasons is that CNC systems and functional components are imported. In the market, the higher the number of high-end products, the more difficult it is in terms of delivery and service, and the structural contradictions are very prominent. This is also the issue that the entire machine tool industry should continue to pay attention to during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period.
At present, the "short board" problem of numerical control systems and functional components has received a lot of attention. The leaders of the relevant departments of the State Council recently pointed out that solving the problems of CNC systems and functional components is not simply a matter of filling in and filling up, but it has a bearing on the overall situation. Strategic issues. This is enough to illustrate the importance and urgency of the issue.
The strategic task of implementing major special projects has already kicked off. The entire equipment manufacturing industry should move forward in the direction of high added value. We should further promote the implementation of major special projects through the breakthrough of core technologies and the integration of resources, use the power of science and technology to change the way of economic growth, and make our due contribution to the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy. Faced with future development, the machine tool industry should seek development breakthroughs from the following weak links: aerospace and automotive; aircraft manufacturing non-metallic materials processing equipment; CNC systems, servo systems and functional components; reliability technologies and other basic technologies. Develop test conditions.
